Oximetry and capnometry are two fundamental, non-invasive tests widely used in pediatric pulmonology to evaluate the respiratory status of children. They provide immediate and valuable information about oxygenation and ventilation, in both acute and chronic conditions.
What is oximetry:
Pulse oximetry measures the oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2), that is, the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen, as well as the heart rate.
The measurement is taken using a small sensor (pulse oximeter) placed typically on the finger or the sole of the foot (in infants).
Useful information it provides:
- assessment of oxygenation
- detection of hypoxemia
- assessment of heart rate
- monitoring during infections or chronic diseases
- evaluation during sleep (e.g., in suspected sleep apnea)
What is capnometry:
Capnometry measures the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled air, providing information about lung ventilation.
The most common form is end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) measurement.
Useful information it provides:
- assessment of ventilation effectiveness
- detection of hypoventilation or hyperventilation
- monitoring in neuromuscular or chronic respiratory diseases
- support in emergency care situations
When are oximetry and capnometry needed:
These tests are indicated in children with:
- dyspnea or respiratory distress
- asthma or other chronic lung diseases
- respiratory infections
- suspected sleep disorders
- the need for oxygenation monitoring at home or in the hospital.
They are frequently used in a complementary manner for a more comprehensive picture of respiratory function.
How oximetry and capnometry are performed:
- Oximetry: A small sensor is placed on the finger, and oxygen saturation and heart rate are continuously recorded.
- Capnometry: The child breathes through a specialized sensor or nasal cannula that records the CO2 in exhaled air.
The measurements are immediate and can be performed during the day or night, and over extended periods, depending on the clinical question.
Are they safe:
Both tests are completely safe, painless, and non-invasive. They do not use radiation and can be repeated as many times as needed.
Why they are important:
Oximetry and capnometry offer:
- immediate assessment of respiratory status
- early detection of deterioration
- guidance for therapeutic decisions
- safe monitoring at home or in the hospital.
They are essential tools for ensuring proper oxygenation and adequate ventilation in children.
